Alexander J. Stratigos

Waardenburg syndrome (ICD-9-CM 270.2) Are You Confident of the Diagnosis? Waardenburg’s syndrome (WS) was first described in 1951 by Waardenburg, a Dutch ophthalmologist. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by piebaldism (congenital poliosis and leukoderma), pigmentary abnormalities of the iris, lateral displacement of the inner canthi of the eyes (dystopia canthorum) and sensorineural…

Piebaldism (ICD-9-CM 709.09) Are You Confident of the Diagnosis? What you should be alert for in the history Piebaldism is a rare genetic disorder of pigmentation with variable phenotype. It is characterized by stark patches of white skin (leukoderma) and white hair (poliosis). It is evident at birth, with cutaneous depigmentation ranging from only a…